Student Satisfaction with ARC Support Services Survey Response Data 
    The following longitudinal information is derived from the annual administration of ARC’s Student Satisfaction with ARC Support Services survey.
    Please see Definitions  for a more thorough explanation of how these three rates are derived than what is provided in this page’s footnotes.
    Also, see Methodologies  for an explanation of the survey process, as well as response and representation rates.
    For a comprehensive list of how services names shifted in recent years, please see Service Names .
UNITE Center 
    
        
            Recognition Rate 1  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            All 
            47.8% 
            42.9% 
            44.0% 
            30.5% 
            32.9% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            All 
            701 
            658 
            1224 
            857 
            847 
         
     
    
        
            Use Rate 2  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            All 
            34.0% 
            27.7% 
            29.0% 
            28.4% 
            32.3% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            All 
            335 
            282 
            538 
            261 
            279 
         
     
    
        
            Satisfaction Rate 3  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            All 
            91.2% 
            88.5% 
            87.8% 
            90.5% 
            88.9% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            All 
            114 
            78 
            156 
            74 
            90 
         
     
    1 2 3 
UNITE Center - Disaggregated by Race 
    
        
            Recognition Rate 1  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            Asian American / Asian 
            42.2% 
            46.4% 
            39.2% 
            40.4% 
            36.6% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Asian American / Asian 
            83 
            84 
            222 
            136 
            134 
         
        
            Rate 
            Black / African American 
            54.7% 
            42.0% 
            45.9% 
            38.6% 
            43.9% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Black / African American 
            75 
            69 
            85 
            70 
            66 
         
        
            Rate 
            Eastern European 
            71.4% 
            N/A 
            56.3% 
            35.7% 
            31.2% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Eastern European 
            7 
            N/A 
            16 
            14 
            16 
         
        
            Rate 
            Filipino 
            71.4% 
            N/A 
            29.2% 
            33.3% 
            50.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Filipino 
            7 
            N/A 
            24 
            18 
            14 
         
        
            Rate 
            Latino/a/x, Hispanic 
            55.8% 
            50.0% 
            53.4% 
            33.3% 
            33.1% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Latino/a/x, Hispanic 
            113 
            108 
            163 
            144 
            151 
         
        
            Rate 
            Middle Eastern 
            38.1% 
            54.2% 
            49.2% 
            22.7% 
            46.4% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Middle Eastern 
            21 
            24 
            65 
            22 
            28 
         
        
            Rate 
            Multi-Racial 
            48.6% 
            48.1% 
            50.0% 
            37.9% 
            35.3% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Multi-Racial 
            37 
            27 
            40 
            58 
            51 
         
        
            Rate 
            Native American / Alaskan Native 
            28.6% 
            80.0% 
            50.0% 
            33.3% 
            33.3% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Native American / Alaskan Native 
            7 
            5 
            8 
            6 
            12 
         
        
            Rate 
            Other Non-White 
            56.3% 
            37.5% 
            N/A 
            26.7% 
            43.8% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Other Non-White 
            16 
            8 
            N/A 
            15 
            16 
         
        
            Rate 
            Pacific Islander 
            55.6% 
            57.1% 
            61.5% 
            42.1% 
            53.8% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Pacific Islander 
            9 
            14 
            13 
            19 
            13 
         
        
            Rate 
            White 
            45.4% 
            38.5% 
            38.5% 
            21.8% 
            26.7% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            White 
            295 
            278 
            278 
            325 
            326 
         
     
    
        
            Use Rate 2  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            Asian American / Asian 
            28.6% 
            23.1% 
            35.6% 
            30.9% 
            26.5% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Asian American / Asian 
            35 
            39 
            87 
            55 
            49 
         
        
            Rate 
            Black / African American 
            53.7% 
            37.9% 
            35.9% 
            40.7% 
            51.7% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Black / African American 
            41 
            29 
            39 
            27 
            29 
         
        
            Rate 
            Eastern European 
            20.0% 
            N/A 
            33.3% 
            20.0% 
            N/A 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Eastern European 
            5 
            N/A 
            9 
            5 
            N/A 
         
        
            Rate 
            Filipino 
            60.0% 
            N/A 
            42.9% 
            16.7% 
            42.9% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Filipino 
            5 
            N/A 
            7 
            6 
            7 
         
        
            Rate 
            Latino/a/x, Hispanic 
            33.3% 
            27.8% 
            20.7% 
            31.2% 
            38.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Latino/a/x, Hispanic 
            63 
            54 
            87 
            48 
            50 
         
        
            Rate 
            Middle Eastern 
            50.0% 
            23.1% 
            37.5% 
            20.0% 
            30.8% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Middle Eastern 
            8 
            13 
            32 
            5 
            13 
         
        
            Rate 
            Multi-Racial 
            33.3% 
            30.8% 
            25.0% 
            31.8% 
            50.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Multi-Racial 
            18 
            13 
            20 
            22 
            18 
         
        
            Rate 
            Native American / Alaskan Native 
            50.0% 
            50.0% 
            25.0% 
            50.0% 
            100.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Native American / Alaskan Native 
            2 
            4 
            4 
            2 
            4 
         
        
            Rate 
            Other Non-White 
            33.3% 
            33.3% 
            N/A 
            50.0% 
            57.1% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Other Non-White 
            9 
            3 
            N/A 
            4 
            7 
         
        
            Rate 
            Pacific Islander 
            60.0% 
            37.5% 
            62.5% 
            25.0% 
            28.6% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Pacific Islander 
            5 
            8 
            8 
            8 
            7 
         
        
            Rate 
            White 
            29.1% 
            27.1% 
            27.1% 
            18.3% 
            17.2% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            White 
            134 
            107 
            107 
            71 
            87 
         
     
    
        
            Satisfaction Rate 3  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            Asian American / Asian 
            90.0% 
            100.0% 
            87.1% 
            94.1% 
            92.3% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Asian American / Asian 
            10 
            9 
            31 
            17 
            13 
         
        
            Rate 
            Black / African American 
            86.4% 
            81.8% 
            100.0% 
            90.9% 
            100.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Black / African American 
            22 
            11 
            14 
            11 
            15 
         
        
            Rate 
            Eastern European 
            100.0% 
            N/A 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
            N/A 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Eastern European 
            1 
            N/A 
            3 
            1 
            N/A 
         
        
            Rate 
            Filipino 
            100.0% 
            N/A 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
            66.7% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Filipino 
            3 
            N/A 
            3 
            1 
            3 
         
        
            Rate 
            Latino/a/x, Hispanic 
            90.5% 
            93.3% 
            94.4% 
            93.3% 
            94.7% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Latino/a/x, Hispanic 
            21 
            15 
            18 
            15 
            19 
         
        
            Rate 
            Middle Eastern 
            100.0% 
            66.7% 
            83.3% 
            100.0% 
            75.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Middle Eastern 
            4 
            3 
            12 
            1 
            4 
         
        
            Rate 
            Multi-Racial 
            100.0% 
            75.0% 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Multi-Racial 
            6 
            4 
            5 
            7 
            9 
         
        
            Rate 
            Native American / Alaskan Native 
            100.0% 
            50.0% 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Native American / Alaskan Native 
            1 
            2 
            1 
            1 
            4 
         
        
            Rate 
            Other Non-White 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
            N/A 
            N/A 
            50.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Other Non-White 
            3 
            1 
            N/A 
            N/A 
            4 
         
        
            Rate 
            Pacific Islander 
            66.7% 
            100.0% 
            80.0% 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Pacific Islander 
            3 
            3 
            5 
            2 
            2 
         
        
            Rate 
            White 
            94.9% 
            89.7% 
            89.7% 
            84.6% 
            73.3% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            White 
            39 
            29 
            29 
            13 
            15 
         
     
UNITE Center - Disaggregated by Number of Semesters at ARC 
    
        
            Recognition Rate 1  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            First semester at ARC 
            38.9% 
            45.8% 
            41.8% 
            23.9% 
            28.5% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            First semester at ARC 
            90 
            83 
            225 
            201 
            144 
         
        
            Rate 
            Second semester at ARC 
            43.5% 
            37.5% 
            39.9% 
            28.8% 
            34.2% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Second semester at ARC 
            131 
            136 
            356 
            278 
            228 
         
        
            Rate 
            3 or 4 semesters at ARC 
            49.4% 
            37.0% 
            43.3% 
            34.3% 
            29.8% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            3 or 4 semesters at ARC 
            231 
            192 
            358 
            248 
            255 
         
        
            Rate 
            5 or more semesters at ARC 
            80.0% 
            37.5% 
            50.0% 
            35.7% 
            39.8% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            5 or more semesters at ARC 
            10 
            24 
            32 
            112 
            206 
         
     
    
        
            Use Rate 2  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            First semester at ARC 
            28.6% 
            21.1% 
            27.7% 
            25.0% 
            34.1% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            First semester at ARC 
            35 
            38 
            94 
            48 
            41 
         
        
            Rate 
            Second semester at ARC 
            17.5% 
            13.7% 
            21.1% 
            27.5% 
            32.1% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Second semester at ARC 
            57 
            51 
            142 
            80 
            78 
         
        
            Rate 
            3 or 4 semesters at ARC 
            37.7% 
            23.9% 
            23.2% 
            28.2% 
            27.6% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            3 or 4 semesters at ARC 
            114 
            71 
            155 
            85 
            76 
         
        
            Rate 
            5 or more semesters at ARC 
            62.5% 
            11.1% 
            6.3% 
            30.0% 
            35.4% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            5 or more semesters at ARC 
            8 
            9 
            16 
            40 
            82 
         
     
    
        
            Satisfaction Rate 3  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            First semester at ARC 
            90.0% 
            100.0% 
            84.6% 
            91.7% 
            78.6% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            First semester at ARC 
            10 
            8 
            26 
            12 
            14 
         
        
            Rate 
            Second semester at ARC 
            90.0% 
            100.0% 
            86.7% 
            95.5% 
            96.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Second semester at ARC 
            10 
            7 
            30 
            22 
            25 
         
        
            Rate 
            3 or 4 semesters at ARC 
            95.3% 
            76.5% 
            88.9% 
            95.8% 
            85.7% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            3 or 4 semesters at ARC 
            43 
            17 
            36 
            24 
            21 
         
        
            Rate 
            5 or more semesters at ARC 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
            0.0% 
            66.7% 
            89.7% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            5 or more semesters at ARC 
            5 
            1 
            1 
            12 
            29 
         
     
UNITE Center - Disaggregated by where students take most of their classes 
    
        
            Recognition Rate 1  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            ARC Main Campus 
            48.8% 
            42.7% 
            44.5% 
            30.8% 
            32.9% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            ARC Main Campus 
            627 
            593 
            1063 
            764 
            775 
         
        
            Rate 
            Natomas Center 
            48.1% 
            62.5% 
            34.3% 
            33.3% 
            36.4% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Natomas Center 
            27 
            16 
            35 
            24 
            22 
         
        
            Rate 
            About the same at each 
            36.0% 
            42.9% 
            40.0% 
            38.5% 
            30.3% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            About the same at each 
            25 
            21 
            60 
            26 
            33 
         
     
    
        
            Use Rate 2  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            ARC Main Campus 
            35.6% 
            28.9% 
            28.5% 
            28.5% 
            31.8% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            ARC Main Campus 
            306 
            253 
            473 
            235 
            255 
         
        
            Rate 
            Natomas Center 
            7.7% 
            20.0% 
            25.0% 
            25.0% 
            50.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Natomas Center 
            13 
            10 
            12 
            8 
            8 
         
        
            Rate 
            About the same at each 
            22.2% 
            11.1% 
            37.5% 
            20.0% 
            40.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            About the same at each 
            9 
            9 
            24 
            10 
            10 
         
     
    
        
            Satisfaction Rate 3  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            ARC Main Campus 
            92.7% 
            87.7% 
            91.1% 
            91.0% 
            90.1% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            ARC Main Campus 
            109 
            73 
            135 
            67 
            81 
         
        
            Rate 
            Natomas Center 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
            66.7% 
            50.0% 
            100.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Natomas Center 
            1 
            2 
            3 
            2 
            4 
         
        
            Rate 
            About the same at each 
            50.0% 
            100.0% 
            77.8% 
            100.0% 
            50.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            About the same at each 
            2 
            1 
            9 
            2 
            4 
         
     
UNITE Center - Disaggregated by Gender 
    
        
            Recognition Rate 1  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            Female 
            45.0% 
            42.4% 
            43.6% 
            28.9% 
            30.9% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Female 
            460 
            434 
            737 
            536 
            534 
         
        
            Rate 
            Male 
            55.4% 
            45.9% 
            45.2% 
            34.2% 
            37.8% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Male 
            186 
            170 
            356 
            234 
            238 
         
        
            Rate 
            Non-binary / gender non-conforming 
            80.0% 
            37.5% 
            50.0% 
            40.0% 
            36.4% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Non-binary / gender non-conforming 
            10 
            24 
            32 
            30 
            22 
         
        
            Rate 
            Prefer not to say 
            37.8% 
            36.7% 
            40.4% 
            23.1% 
            41.9% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Prefer not to say 
            45 
            30 
            99 
            39 
            31 
         
     
    
        
            Use Rate 2  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            Female 
            30.4% 
            27.7% 
            29.9% 
            25.2% 
            29.1% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Female 
            207 
            184 
            321 
            155 
            165 
         
        
            Rate 
            Male 
            42.7% 
            29.5% 
            29.2% 
            28.7% 
            33.3% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Male 
            103 
            78 
            161 
            80 
            90 
         
        
            Rate 
            Non-binary / gender non-conforming 
            62.5% 
            11.1% 
            6.3% 
            41.7% 
            25.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Non-binary / gender non-conforming 
            8 
            9 
            16 
            12 
            8 
         
        
            Rate 
            Prefer not to say 
            11.8% 
            27.3% 
            30.0% 
            55.6% 
            61.5% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Prefer not to say 
            17 
            11 
            40 
            9 
            13 
         
     
    
        
            Satisfaction Rate 3  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            Female 
            92.1% 
            92.2% 
            90.6% 
            89.7% 
            89.6% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Female 
            63 
            51 
            96 
            39 
            48 
         
        
            Rate 
            Male 
            90.9% 
            82.6% 
            91.5% 
            87.0% 
            83.3% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Male 
            44 
            23 
            47 
            23 
            30 
         
        
            Rate 
            Non-binary / gender non-conforming 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
            0.0% 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Non-binary / gender non-conforming 
            5 
            1 
            1 
            5 
            2 
         
        
            Rate 
            Prefer not to say 
            50.0% 
            66.7% 
            58.3% 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            Prefer not to say 
            2 
            3 
            12 
            5 
            8 
         
     
UNITE Center - Disaggregated by Age Group 
    
        
            Recognition Rate 1  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            under 18 
            35.7% 
            46.7% 
            47.9% 
            60.0% 
            33.3% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            under 18 
            14 
            15 
            48 
            5 
            3 
         
        
            Rate 
            18-20 
            53.7% 
            39.8% 
            37.6% 
            36.0% 
            40.3% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            18-20 
            121 
            128 
            306 
            264 
            221 
         
        
            Rate 
            21-24 
            54.5% 
            50.0% 
            51.5% 
            27.6% 
            41.6% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            21-24 
            121 
            104 
            206 
            123 
            125 
         
        
            Rate 
            25-29 
            57.7% 
            47.1% 
            45.5% 
            35.7% 
            32.5% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            25-29 
            97 
            70 
            121 
            70 
            83 
         
        
            Rate 
            30-39 
            38.0% 
            41.4% 
            43.4% 
            28.7% 
            28.9% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            30-39 
            171 
            145 
            205 
            171 
            180 
         
        
            Rate 
            40-49 
            38.3% 
            41.4% 
            39.6% 
            28.3% 
            25.6% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            40-49 
            81 
            87 
            159 
            106 
            121 
         
        
            Rate 
            50 or older 
            54.8% 
            40.7% 
            48.9% 
            20.6% 
            25.8% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            50 or older 
            73 
            86 
            139 
            97 
            97 
         
     
    
        
            Use Rate 2  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            under 18 
            40.0% 
            14.3% 
            34.8% 
            66.7% 
            N/A 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            under 18 
            5 
            7 
            23 
            3 
            N/A 
         
        
            Rate 
            18-20 
            40.0% 
            15.7% 
            29.6% 
            32.6% 
            25.8% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            18-20 
            65 
            51 
            115 
            95 
            89 
         
        
            Rate 
            21-24 
            40.9% 
            36.5% 
            27.4% 
            35.3% 
            34.6% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            21-24 
            66 
            52 
            106 
            34 
            52 
         
        
            Rate 
            25-29 
            37.5% 
            39.4% 
            40.0% 
            16.0% 
            18.5% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            25-29 
            56 
            33 
            55 
            25 
            27 
         
        
            Rate 
            30-39 
            29.2% 
            28.3% 
            33.7% 
            24.5% 
            36.5% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            30-39 
            65 
            60 
            89 
            49 
            52 
         
        
            Rate 
            40-49 
            9.7% 
            30.6% 
            23.8% 
            26.7% 
            41.9% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            40-49 
            31 
            36 
            63 
            30 
            31 
         
        
            Rate 
            50 or older 
            35.0% 
            22.9% 
            17.6% 
            15.0% 
            44.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            50 or older 
            40 
            35 
            68 
            20 
            25 
         
     
    
        
            Satisfaction Rate 3  
            Students 
            2020-21 
            2021-22 
            2022-23 
            2023-24 
            2024-25 
         
     
    
        
            Rate 
            under 18 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
            75.0% 
            100.0% 
            N/A 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            under 18 
            2 
            1 
            8 
            2 
            N/A 
         
        
            Rate 
            18-20 
            96.2% 
            100.0% 
            91.2% 
            93.5% 
            95.7% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            18-20 
            26 
            8 
            34 
            31 
            23 
         
        
            Rate 
            21-24 
            92.6% 
            78.9% 
            93.1% 
            75.0% 
            83.3% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            21-24 
            27 
            19 
            29 
            12 
            18 
         
        
            Rate 
            25-29 
            95.2% 
            100.0% 
            95.5% 
            100.0% 
            100.0% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            25-29 
            21 
            13 
            22 
            4 
            5 
         
        
            Rate 
            30-39 
            78.9% 
            82.4% 
            86.7% 
            83.3% 
            78.9% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            30-39 
            19 
            17 
            30 
            12 
            19 
         
        
            Rate 
            40-49 
            100.0% 
            90.9% 
            86.7% 
            100.0% 
            92.3% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            40-49 
            3 
            11 
            15 
            8 
            13 
         
        
            Rate 
            50 or older 
            92.9% 
            87.5% 
            83.3% 
            100.0% 
            90.9% 
         
        
            'N' (denominator) 
            50 or older 
            14 
            8 
            12 
            3 
            11 
         
     
                            
                                
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